Steps |
Instruction |
1. Place numbers in the text |
Always insert the number in the text after and not before punctuation, and preferably at the end of sentences. |
2. Write the authors name |
In your references (both in notes and the Bibliography), you may give either the full name of the author of a source (e.g., Thomas Henry Huxley, Zachariah Lawson), or only their surname and initials (e.g., T. H. Huxley, Z. Lawson). If in doubt, cite as in the original. |
3. Write the title of the book |
Write the full title of the book. Often this is placed in italics. |
4. Include the publisher |
In brackets write the name of the publisher and the year of publication |
5. Include page numbers |
Where possible and applicable, exact page numbers should be given in a reference. Use p when citing one page and pp for multiple pages. |
6. For repeated sources |
If two notes for the same source follow one right after the other, you may use the abbreviation "Ibid" in your footnotes. Ibid is Latin for "in the same place,". For example; Ibid. ,p10. If the note refers to the same source and page number, no page number is necessary. |
For example:
"How are we to make sense of the Short Twentieth Century...We do not know what will come next, and what the third millennium will be like, even though we can be certain that the Short Twentieth Century will have shaped it."1 1. Eric Hobsbawm, The Age of Extremes, 1914-1991, (Abacus 1995, first published 1994), p5 2. Ibid. ,p29. |